Pune

While searching the history of Pune, it is observed that it has a hundreds of years of educational, cultural & religious and political tradition. It is a subject matter of study of history of Pune, regarding changes occurred in boundaries of city of Pune from period of common wealth family to Peshwa regime, and from period of Independence to 1961 and after flooding of Pune city due to Panseth dam. Today population of Pune city is 30lac and area is 243 square meter and is growing so fast that it is very difficult to forecast, where this Pune city will stand in comparison with world’s international cities. That is why it has become very difficult for the mathematical expert taking in to consideration, progress which is being made by city of Pune.  Pune city has a history of 1200 to 1300 years and if we take flash back of history, we finds numbers of humorous materials.
In flash back if we do not focus on history or without going in to details on history or festivals or places but if we look in to, what was main lateral support, how was urban & rural life of people and their customs, we will observed and feel the pune’s charm extremely interesting.
Pune was a small hamlet on east side, there were kumbharly and Kasarli villages and on west and north side there were farm fields. Villages were under jurisdiction of Governor of junnar. Now imagine how might be natural charm, peaceful and isolated place of Pune where at present now we stay and carry on, manages our business. Place of Pune might have been similar to a place where a painter goes to a place  for land scape painting. Pune might have been a similar to a place which is needed for flute player, poet writer or novel or story writer. Pune was a hamlet of 15 to 20 houses which was situated in some part of Kasabapeth. But in such small progeny, there were temples of Musali, Bahiroba, Puneshwar, and Narayanshwar. In one corner of hamlet, Mahsoba was installed.
In this way, it is observed that religious & spiritual tradition were routed, embedded from that period due to which there are 50 to 60 temples of various god & goddess, made of archives stones and wood which are seen today also. No body would have thought that such small hamlet would become the capital of Hindustan under rule of  Maratha.
With passing of time after 12th -13th century, peoples residing in kumbharly and Kasarly area were brought to gather and  uniting three villages to gather, they had slowly step by step acquired following forms, on riverside, fort of pandhari was built by some Arabian person and three villages named Kubhar, kedur, and maval came into existence and at a distance of 1mile there came in existence, canal flowing towards south and  Tambari Jogeshwari temple was installed in a place surrounded by bunch of trees.
after passing of time in Muslim regime, with the object of extending Kasaba colony, two other colonies was inhabited in south of kasaba colony,Astapura village in east and Murchudabad was inhabited in west.  with all these three colonies, this area came to be known as a Kasaba Pune, Place of Taluka. With passing of period, there were sharp increase in area of these colonies as well as their population and have acquired present popular name.
With passing of time, peoples residing in Kasaba pune, had to abandon their houses due to atrocities made in name of recovery of taxes by the ruler of that period. this resulted in desolated of Kasaba pune. Again after some period, it became inhabited with people resulting in creation of colonies. But again people had to face feminine which leads again to desolation. After that in 16th centuries in Adilshahi regime, we observe again  this Kasaba pune became desolated place. Depopulated picture of Kasaba pune stands before eyes.
Kasaba might have assumed dead state but some where some minute living state might have been remained there due to which, instead of getting destroyed completely, during the passage of time,  Pune Kasaba might have some bright future of becoming world famous and of international standard city due to occurrence of bright fine, bold improbable incidence during the passage of time. Shahaji Bhosale came in to such depopulated Pune.  In 1636, Shahaji raje build the palace at outshirt of Kasaba Pune in south and that palace was name as Lal Mahal. Bal Shivaji his mother Jijabai started residing in Lal Mahal. At the same Period Jijabai build the temple of shri.Ganapati that is the same Kasaba peth Devsthan. But original lalmahal palace is not in existence. Houses in Kasaba pune were made up of bricks pith and were having Veranda on front side. Farming was their main accomplishment for nourishing of belly. At the same time, money lenders’s buisness of money lending was growing fastly. During period, Shahistekhan had created shastapura colony, which is today’s Magalwarpeth.
Tax collection from the people which was done with oppression and people’s wealth were plundered with stringent action, during Shahistekhan regime came to an end, during the period of Shivaji, after expultion of Shahistekhan. After the end of mughal regime, Peshawa regime started. During the Peshwe regime, it is seen that civil life & civilization, vastly developed and expanded.
Historical monuments such as Shaniwar wada, Onkareshwar,  Amruteshwar, Parvati were created. After that period Sadashivpeth was inhabited. New name such as shaniwar peth, in place of murchudabad, mangalwar peth in place of shastapura, Somalwarpeth in place of Shahapura, were constituted. After 1761, Tulsibagh,Sukrawarpet, guruwar peth, Budhwar Peth in place of Arohiyabad,  Narayan Peth, Ganesh peth, Belbagh, Ghorpade peth, Gosavipura, Rasta Peth, Bhavani Peth, etc colonies came in to existence. In the beginning of 18th centuries, Vishram Bagh palace was build. In this way, this was important period for city development and civilian life.
British rule came into force after 1821 in Pune. Step by step, English school, Library  which is presently known as city library on laxmi road had been started. After that period, installation of David Sassoon Hospital, Deccan college & engineering college had been completed till the end of 18th century. In this way progress & development of city continued without any interruption. It is not necessary to take detail review of development of city. Development of Pune during the period before freedom and after freedom is very important period.
Pune city had experienced nos of casualties and disasters, similarly panset flood and inclusion of numbers of nearby villages extending boundaries of city, National sports competition, effects of all these events led  to the growth which we see today.
So there are numbers of monuments and places in Pune which reminds us historical, religious, and cultural nature of Pune.  These historical evidences are very invaluable great monuments of our city which we all should preserve them. Work of maintenance and preservation of this invaluable and important monuments are being carried out by government of Maharashtra,Pune municipal corporation and many persons and institution.
Because of their united efforts, it will become possible to preserve them.

School buiding

Self confidence is a secret of success. How meaningful sentence is this, not only for students, parents, but for all. If we want to open the lock of success, for all it is really necessary to keep the key of self confidence with us. Annual planning starts along with academic session of the student, then either it is for school or college, various initial stages, gathering, and last examination stands in front of our eyes. This examination is in different form for students & parents. But if we do little planning well before in advance, for this exam, then it is possible to avoid confusion, haste, tension, specially for women which have to do lot of acrobatics, that can be reduced in big  proportion. If there is planing for whole year, then it is very good, but although year ends,still two months February & March are important. If systematic planing is made during these two months then success is ours. There are some steps for this planing such as

1) Classification of subjects:- in this students should initially estimate how many subjects are there for examination? How much course is there for each subject? which subjects are found difficult and which subjects are easy for him.
2) Planning of time:- After making classification of subjects, students should decide after seeing the subjects and course of subject that how much time he will require for each subject and course and how much time he has with him. Accordingly he should make planing regarding subject & time.
3) Time table:- After completion of planning of time, He should observe the time table of examination and holidays in between the examination & then accordingly he should prepare separate time table for study of subject at home.
4) While doing studies, difficulties occurred , student should note down the difficulties in separate paper and then he should discuss these difficulties with the teacher. These are the four rule of study. If we study after doing planing as per this four rule, then environment/situation at home during examination period will remain tension free. If parents, instead of continuously perusing the student for study, should also give some attention towards planning, then they need not have to do lot of Acrobatics at the time of examination. Student can do the study properly with this four rule. This four rule of study helped me lot at the time of my daughter’s examination. we got very good benefit of this. You also take experience of this. your self confidence will definitely increased. Lock of your success will be definitely open with this secret key

Charles Darwin

This year is 200Th birth anniversary year of Charles Darwin who had placed law of evolution before the world. His first novel was published in 1859. This means that Darwin’s theories is completing its 150 years.  Development  in science do not occur at same speed. In any field of science, stagnation occurs for numbers of years. Some times water flows as if damage to the dam occurs due to big shock. But it is difficult job to give such shocks. It is also very difficult to bear such shocks due to orthodox tendency prevailing in science. Due to which,  such principle had become the subject of wrangling discussions, debate. But due to this wrangling discussion, science goes ahead. In Physical science, there were some mass ideologies, desire, need, of such revolutionary laws. But in life science, there were many revolutionary laws, but amongst them, biggest revolution law means this law of Evolution and there is no second opinion to it. Charles Darwin was not only the scientist who said that life came in to existence due to process of evolution.  John Baptist la mark, scientist of previous generation of Charles Darwin, and Alford wares of Charles generation had also said this, and had derived to the same conclusion. But fineness in details of thought & writings on the subject of Charles Darwin was entirely different. There was zero knowledge  about genetics, and no body was knowing  why & how this hereditary remains, exits  in that generation. Names like Chromosomes, genes, DNA, RNA were not heard or known at that time. At that period depending only on hereditary characters, Law of Evolution was written only after deep thought, was a shocking incident.

Base of Darwin’s Theory:- 12 February 1809 is the Darwin’s birthday. Darwin had published his book on evolution in 1859. His writing were continued before so many years.  Publication of this book can be said as a base for Darwin’s theory. It can be said that history of evolution, if seen as a science then it was slow progress after Darwin. It was only after the decade of 1960, horse race of evolution had started as a science. Reason is due to tremendous development in genetics after invention of arrangement of DNA molecule. Second reason is, the generation of scientist who had explained in simple mathematical term, the science of evolution theories. John Menard Smith, Trivers,  Willem Hamilton, Ronald Fishers, were elephants of Quarters. They had not only kept the evolution as a limited science for invention of life in present & fore father’s previous branches of generation but they had given new dimensions, measures,. Due to this, evolution science became almost equivalent to physical science (physics). Third important change is that many scientist had made evolution as experimental science. Effect of evolution have been observed after many generation due to this, how experiment will be performed on evolution? Weather life of a person doing experiment, will be last longer up to that .? This type of thought would have been there previously also. Today also experiment on evolution means same question comes before us. But there is a answer to these questions. Generation of small creatures has such as short life time that some months or one or two years will be sufficient for making experiment on numbers of generations of these creatures. From time when this thing comes to knowledge specially from last twenty five years, evolution has become an experimental science. Fourth reason is perceptible use. Evolution science gives us a new type of philosophy, which can be used in Biotechnology, medical & Pharmacy science. Medical science were not basically knowing why diseases like diabetic were manifested. Hence way could not be found for its treatment. Now evolution science has reached to the route cause of diabetics. Because of this, now a ray of hope is created that disease diabetic which was presumed to be incurable, will be made curable. Beyond Dinosaur, nothing comes in mind of common man, when evolution is uttered. Leaving beside common man, Even scientist of life science did not understand the evolution of evolution in last forty years. while celebrating 200th birth anniversary and 150th anniversary of Darwin’s theories, only praising of Darwin is not sufficient but knowledge of child of Darwin which has entered in to youth in real sense, should be reach up to each & every individual studying science in a easy language. For this many programme have been under taken through out the world. In pune, three day conference have been arranged with efforts of Indian academy of science, and Indian national academy science, and Abasaheb Garware. Experts from evolution science, from all over country are participating in the conference. Similar type of conference will be held in September in Dharwad. Special seminars on Darwinism will be arranged in annual meeting of science academic. February  edition of Magazine “Rezones” will deal at science education subjects. In addition, different programmes at local level will be arranged. Due to development in last decade, it is observed that evolution science will remain main supporting pillar of future life science. Students and teachers of life sciences should give their sufficient attention towards this new branch of education..

President Lincoln

President Obama

Barrack Obama Have been elected and chosen as a first American black president in second birth centenary year of Abraham Lincoln. It is itself a wonderful coincidence. Abraham Lincoln is a inciting force for Obama himself. Obama has used same copy of bible, which Lincoln had used for taking oath of president. Obama had chosen birth anniversary day of Abraham Lincoln for declaring him as a candidate for president election. and after winning the president election, he had traveled by the same railway route through which Lincoln had traveled up to Washington for taking oath of president. By adopting this route, he wanted to bring to the notice of the people that he will follow the same path which Lincoln had adopted. In real sense to follow or perceive the Lincoln path is symptomatically true. This incidence had proved that Lincoln’s place how big & permanent lies in the life of Obama & other innumerable black color peoples in America. Regime of Lincoln as a president was quite inspiring. Lincoln who was born on 12th February 1809 in a very poor family, and had to struggle continuously. He was fond of reading. But it was not affordable for him to read the books continuously. So he had to work hard to earn money for buying books for reading. But behind this hard labor, there was a close contemplation for acquiring the knowledge. and he had proved this. He did study of law and got entry as a lawyer in bar council of Elinor.

Known all over the country

He had been elected on Elinor state assembly. He was there in Assembly as a members for eight years. In 1855, Lincoln fought against stiffen Douglas in senator’s  election. But he became known for his staunch orator all over the country although Lincoln lost the election. Result of this was that he got in 1860, as republican candidate for president post. He became president in different situation in country. Obviously Lincoln presumed this challenge as an opportunity to fulfill his dream.

He had a knowledge of slavery in America in his young age. Black color slaves had to face innumerable pain, body exertion, still  their owners used to behave in cruel manner. He was very much disturbed, had a pains to see the auction of slaves. He had such type of heart broken experience and from that moment he had decided to end the slavery. That opportunity Lincoln got when he became president. In 1854, there occurred a time for clashing on the point of mode of slavery in America. It was decided after fixing an imaginary line, that to the north side of this line, there should not be slavery and to the south of line slavery was tolerable. Cantos & Nebraska states had shown their willingness for merger in united states. These states were to the north side of imaginary line. Hence permission was not there for slavery. But one of the senator had put up the proposal that on the basis of majority, permission should be granted for mode of slavery, so to appose this proposal, Lincoln personally went to new york. Speech which he had delivered there, was become so much famous that those who heard that speech, had entered into republican party and had taken the oath to work against this cruel ways of slavery. Because of this policy, many were frightened when Lincoln became president specially states from south were frightened with a thought that there farming profession would come to an end. From this fear, concept of breaking away from north had arisen.

Managed double challenge

Lincoln became president when there was such unstable, uncertain situation in America. He had to face double challenge, one that is, mode of slavery should be routed out from the society without division of country that is slavery should be removed as well as country should remain united. Civil war had erupted between northern and southern army and at last army under general lee had to surrender before the army under the general ulises Grant. Lincoln had then announced the freedom to all the slaves. This debt of Lincoln on America is ever lasting. From this Lincoln was murdered later on. But this inheritance given by Lincoln was very big. Slavery was removed, banned by law. Credit for this goes to Abraham  Lincoln. But after the murder of Lincoln, civil war between white & black color race was continued. Slavery removed/banned by law, was still routed permanently in the minds of white color race. Problems of black race were  not ended and only after second world war, in real sense problems of black color Americans acquired speech. Supreme court had declared illegal constitutionally in keeping black Americans separate from white. Leadership of Martin Luther king came forward. On 23 August 1963, about 2lacs and 50 thousand peoples gathered to demand human rights, before Lincoln memorial. There Martin Luther King had delivered his famous speech “I have a dream”.  Starting of this movement before Lincoln Memorial, its self indicated that he would continue the in heritage of Abraham Lincoln. After long period of agitation, many of the important post of white race were given to black color people. From post of foreign minister of Colin Powell to the Mayor or elected members of congress. But president post is supreme and it should be treated as most wonderful coincidence during double centenary birth year of Abraham Lincoln, to have been elected black president in the form of Obama. In real sense, there is lot of similarity between Obama & Lincoln. Both are from Elinor state. Both are lawyers. Both were members of state Assembly and then members of congress. Both were famous for sharpen orator. Both came suddenly forward in election of president. Lincoln had defeated William seaward in party race of party candidate for president. But after becoming president he nominated  William seaward as a minister of foreign affairs. By appointing Hillary Clinton to the post of foreign affairs, Obama has exhibited same pattern of Abraham Lincoln. Difference is Lincoln were from republican party where as obama is from democratic party. But leaving this difference, similarities are found more in Obama.

Leadership of America came to Abraham Lincoln when situation was on threshold of uncertainty and instability. Today’s situation in America is also of same uncertainty and instability. Challenges before Lincoln were of different natures. Challenges before Obama are also of different natures. But intensity of challenges are of same measure. Lincoln was able to drive the ship of country through a whirlwind safely. Obama had accepted the inheritance of Abraham Lincoln. Of course every one expect that he will also be able to steer the wheel of country’s ship safely. Considering the extra ordinary similarities between the two, it is bound for Obama to obtain success in this regard. Obama became the president during year of second birth centenary year of Abraham Lincoln and only time will show, weather he will be able to accomplished the president ship like of Abraham Lincoln.

Hudson river

Story of  Fisherman’s movement  in America

40 years ago, this is story of successful public movement led by fisher men residing by side of Hudson river in New york in America. Cause was pollution in river and its effect on production of fish products. In period between 1966, there was a leakage in pipe line of  four and half feet width laid through its crouton Harman railway yard by rail way company pen central. Through leakage, dissipation of oily material started in Hudson river. dissipated oily material in river happened to go long above in river during the period of tidal flow which resulted in blackening the area near border of the river. Shad fishes which were found in river, were started giving diesel smell. Fishes did not fetches the price in the market due to the smell and resulted in loss to the fishermen. So all affected fisher men /peoples made efforts unitedly to fight against this sudden arisen problems. They unitedly raised voice against this. They had created the institute name Hudson river keeper. Through this institution, they made contacts with all government machinery’s. They had lodged complaint application with officers of Army core of Engineers, conservation departments, coast Guards. No department had given attention to their complaints. One of the senior officer even plainly told them that for this pollution, men of renowned & having better position in society, are responsible. Who would go to ask explanation from them?  How to face this problem & to find the solution, a meeting had been  arranged by river keeper institute in a Town hall near the river side village “Crouton ville”. Angry public stated suggesting many destructing measures. Some suggested that we would add ignited match stick in leakage pipe so that whole pipe would be burnt. Others suggested that we would closed the pipe by filling the gunny bags, mattresses, with force so that diesel would spread in railway yard and then only eyes of senior officers would be opened, in our interest. while such type of discussion was going on, one press man who had done the detailed study on the subject, raised/ stood up in the meeting and he mentioned that as per act of river & harbour which was passed in 1888, pollution of any type made in water resources, is a crime in America. and if it is proved then culprit would likely to be severely fined and half of fine amount  would be given as a gift to a person or institute who brought the crime to the notice of authority. Because of this, he said that instead of doing unlawful activity, we would embarrassed  judiciary institute to take the action as per law. All of them present there, agreed to this proposal. Accordingly immediate action had been started and within a period of one and half year, people/public got first victory. Pipe in pen central yard was closed. Amount which was received as a gift in this case was used by river keeper institute in searching out the pollution made by company like Ciba Geigy, standard brands, American cyanide, and was force to stop the pollution. Remarkable victory in this judicial fight was obtained in 1973, when this institute became successful in searching out the pollution made by Anaconda wire & cable company and were able to stop pollution. For that, amount of 2 lacs dollars was received as a gift. Such small and big court cases against pollution numbering about 400 had been fought. Due to cudgel raised by public movement, up till now industries or firms or institutions which were causing pollution, had spent amount equivalent to 400 dollars to remove or stop the pollution. Result of this was that 20 miles region of Hudson river situated north to new york city, which was considered to be dead source of water before, now it was treated as a pure clean source of water of sea. On the basis of both criteria one per gallon biomass and per hector fish production, this Hudson river region has been considered to be supreme region in north Antarctic ocean. Getting encouragement/stimulation from success of concept Hudson river keeper, in whole of America and in other countries about 155 institute name river keeper, Bay keeper, sound keeper were formed. we should also take a lesson from this story which was accomplished in America and we can give life to the almost all dead rivers in our country.