1)Mineral corticocoid:-Aldosterone
2) Glucocoticoids:- Hydrocortisone, prednisolone,Triamicinolone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone.

Corticosteroid are synthesized in the adrenal cortex. The synthesis occurs under the influence of ACTH.
Mode of action:- After binding to the receptors, the steroid -receptor complex binds to the chromatin and stimulates the formation of MRNA. MRNA stimulates the the synthesis of enzymes. The anti inflammatory action is due to inhibition of prostaglandin and leucotreine synthesis.
The actions of glucorticoids are a) increased glucogenesis b) increased lipolysis C) increased liver store of glycogen d) CNS effects, euphoria.e) increased hemoglobin synthesis f) restrict capillary permeability and maintainance of cardiovascular functions. G) cause normal skeletal muscular function.h) anti inflammatory action i) suppression of immune response j) stabilize lysosomal membranes K) anti allergic action.
They are given by oral, parental, and tropical route. Oral bio availability of synthesis corticoid is high. Hydrocartisone after oral administration undergoes extensive mechanism in liver. They are metabolised in liver and after conjugation, are excreted in urine. The synthetic derivatives are metabolized  slowly and have longer duration of action.
Aldosterone:- Mode of action:- It is a mineral corticoid. Its actions are a) sodium retention and reduction of serum k b) its acts on distal tubules of kidney to increase  sodium re absorption.
Hydrocartisone:- this is a natural glucocorticoid. Mode of action :- same as corticoid. Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, Joint sequelae of fractures. Administered as intra articular injection.b) Peri arthritis of hip,tendinitis, sinusitis, tenosynovitis, epicondylitis,cystic tumor of aponeurosis of tendon, scapulo humeral periarthritis treated by injection.
Dermatology:- Local intralesional injection. Hypertropic scars, keloids, inflammatory lesions of lichen planus, psoariatic plaques, discoid lupus of lichen planus, granuloma annulare.
Neurology;- Sciatica,lumbago, radiculopathies, multiple scerosis, tuberculosis- meningitis, otorlinolaryngology, nasal, polyposis, allergic rhinitis, allergic sinusitis, cicatrising lesions of middle ear.
EYE:- Episcieritis, scleritis, iritis, iridocyclitic, optic neuritis, retrobular neuritis,
Other uses:- Tubal  stenosis, pleurisy, pericarditis, peritonitis.
Special precautions:- Under aseptic condition injection is to be given. Use to be avoided in anterior part of scalp because of risk of micromebolization.
Preparation of hydrocartisone succinate:- Indications:- status asthmaticus, and acute allergic reaction to drugs, severe shock( surgical accidental trauma, or overwhelming infection) Addison’s disease, simmon’s disease, tubercular meningitis, and other meningitis.
Dosage:- adults: ( usually 100mg I.M. or I.V. repeated as required, in severe cases up to 300mg first dose.
children:- 3-6microgram/kg 24 hours in divided dose, Brand Name: Inj. Efcorlin  Allenburys.  Hydrocartisone sodium succinate 134mg equivalent to 100mg of hydrocartisone.
Preparetion of Hydrocartisone acetate:
Indications:- Rhumatology:a) intraarticular injection, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis , gouty arthritis, joint sequelae of fractures and dislocations.
b) Periarticular/soft tissue injection, scapulo humeral periarthritis, periarthritis of hip, bursitis, scapulo humeral periarthritis , tendinitis, Brand name:- wysolone (wyth lederle) 5mg tablet, 10mg tablet, 20mg tablet
preparation of methyl prednesolone:- Indications:- allergic, inflammatory, auto immune disease, malignacies, cerebral oedema, rheumatic diseases.
Dosage:- Adults: Asthma/allergic condition 40-120mg, Dermatological condition 40-120mg. Dosage should be governed by severity of the condition rather than by strict adherence to the ratio indicated by age or body weight. Children: 2-4mg/24 hours, divided every 4-6 hours. Brand name:- cytosine (methyl prednesolone sodium succinate 500mg or 1gm vial.
Trimicinolone:  A highly selective glucocorticoid,
Mode of action:- same as corticoids
Special precautions: hyper tension, chronic infection, glaucoma, osteoporosis,congestive cardiac failure, diabetic, myasthenia gravis, psychological disorders.
Indications:- Asthma, allergies disorders rheumatoid arthritis, dermatoses
Dosage:- Adults: oral 8-32 mg daily in single or 4 divided dosage. Injection : 4-32 mg daily in single or divided doses. Intra articular:- 2.5mg-15mg, intradermal 0.2-0.3ml, intramuscular: 40-60mg injected deep in to gluteal muscle, hey fever or pollen asthma: 40-100mg not to be given I.V
children:- 4-12mg below 25kg, Injection; not recommended for children below 6 years.
Preparetion of Trimicinolone:- Brand name: Kenacort (sarabhai) 4mg tablet, amp of 1ml/10mg.
Dexamethasone:- It is selective and very potent glucocorticoid. It causes suppression of pituitary adrenal axis. Mode of action: Same as corticoids. on set of action:- 1-4days. Duration of action:  some effects may last several days.
Special Precautions:- Glaucoma,epilepsy, Hypertension, hepatic dysfunction,  may reduce response of pituitary adrenal axis to stress.
Indications:- Shock due to trauma, Allergies emergencies overwhelming infections( with specific antibiotics) adrenal crisis, Rheumatoid arthritis, Asthma, Nephritic- syndrome, suppression of inflammation in eye disorders. Dosage:- Adults: 4-20mg repeated as necessary I.M. or I.V. daily dose 80mg. Children: 0.1mg-0.5mg/kg/24 hours
preparations of Dexamethasone: brand name: Cort: 4mg/ml amp of 1ml.  Dexona ; tablet of 0.5mg
Betamethasone:-  It is more potent than prednesolone.
Mode of action:- same as corticoid
Special precautions:- Diabetic Mellitus, Hyper tension, epilepsy, Glaucoma, peptic ulcers, congestive cardiac failure, may impair ability to resist infection, previous steroid myopathy.
Indications:- status asthmeticus, acute allergies reactions, anaphylactic reaction to drugs. Severe shock arising from surgical or accidental trauma or overwhelming infection, Addison’s disease, Hypopituitarism  following adrenalectomy.  simmonds disease, tennis elbow, tenosynovitis, and bursitis, Rheumatological disease. Ulcerative colitis, regional enteritis, T.B meningitis, and sub arachnoid bleed.
Dosage: Adults: Initially 0.5-6mg daily. Drug should be withdrawn gradually.
Children:- Fraction of adult dose 25% at 1year, 50% at 7 years, 75% at 12 years.
Preparation of Betamethasone: Brand name: Betnesol tab, 0.5mg tab, Injection 4mg/ml amp of 1ml. 15ml drops 0.5mg/ml

Anabolic and Androgenic steroids:- Testosterone, Mesterolone, Danazol, Oxymetholone, Stanozolol, Ethyloestrenol.
Gonadotrophins, and testosterone are secreted in pulsatile  manner.  LH& FSH together regulate testocular growth Steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. The growth harmone may have a synergistic effect with LH on testis, where as oestrogens can decrease the effects of LH or secrection of testosterone. LH interacts with interstitial (ley-Dig) cells of testes to increase the synthesis of cyclic AMP and subsequently cholesterol is converted to androgeness. The main action of FSH is to promote spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules and that of LH is regulation of testosterone synthesis by leydig cells. The capacity of androgenes to enhance the epiphyseal closure in children may persist for as long as several months after discontinuation of the drug. In children androgenes should be used with great caution.
Anabolic steroid are effective protein anabolic agents but have low androgenic activity.  Anabolic steroids cause increase in muscle mass, increased bone growth and cause water retention.

Testostrone :- It is a natural androgenes secreted by testis. The secretion is regulated by LH Harmone secreted by Pituary gland.
Mode of action:- It binds to intracellular receptors in target cells and the harmone receptor complex translocate to nucleus where it attaches to specific binding site on chromosomes. It leads to increased synthesis of mRNA and protein. Testostrone is not given orally as it is extensively metabolised in liver and bioavailability is low. Testosterone is converted by 5 alpa reductase in target tissues to more potent dihydrotestosterone
Special precaution :- it should not be used in carcinoma of prostate, carcinoma breast(male),liver, Kidney dysfunction.
Indications:- Replacement therapy to maintain sex characteristics in adults with testicular failure, accidental castration, in hereditary  angioneurotic  oedema, infertility due to defective spermatogenesis, osteroporosis, refractory anaemia, carcinoma breast, menopausal syndrome, endometriosis, to improve nitrogen balance in catabolic states. certain types of infertility due to disorders of spermatogenesis.
Preparetion of testosterone :- Andractim (dihydrotestosterone ) 80gm gel. Aquviron: free testosterone 25 mg amp of 1ml I.M twice weekly.
Mesterolone:- It provides oral therapy and it does not cause liver injury.
Special precaution:-  Prostate to be examined prophylactically. For use in male patients only.
Indications:- Hypogonadism, male infertility, symptoms due to diminishing leval of androgens in middle and old aged man.
Dosage:- Adult:- Potency disturbances: initially 25mg tab thrice a daily till satisfactory response achieved. Maintainance dose:- 25mg 1-2times daily for a cycle of spermatogenesis that is about 90 days. Preparetion:- Mestilon (Uni-sankyo) 25 mg tab. Provironum: (german remedies) 25mg tab.
Danazol:- It is a synthetic steroid. It has mild androgenic action.
Adverse effect:- skin rash, nausea, flushing muscle spasm, weight gain, headache,acne,
Special Precautions:- Diabetic, cardiac, renal or hepatic dysfunction, Hypertension, migraine, epilepsy.
Indications:- Menorrhagia,gynacomastia, fibrocystic, Breast disease, treatment of visually proven endometriosis & associate infertility or symptomatic control when surgery is contraindicated.
Dosage:- Adults:- Endometriosis, & associated infertility 200 to 400mg daily for 2 to3 month, Menorrhagia.
Preparetion:- Danogen(cipala) 50, 100, and 200mg.
Oxymetholone:- It is a 17 alpha alkylated compound with anabolic properties used mainly in the treatment aplastic anaemias.
Special precautions: Elderly patients treated may be at increased risk for development of prostate, hypertrophy and prostatic carcinoma, menstrual irregularities.
Dosage:- Adults: & children  1-5 mg/kg/day is given.  Therapy to last for at least 3-5 months
Preparation: Adroyd ( parke devis) 5mg
Stanozolol:- It is a synthetic steroid with anabolic & androgenic properties.
Special precaution:- Cardiac,hepatic,or renal dysfunction. it may alter LFT, thyroid function tests and glucose tolerance test, watch for testicular atrophy and odema, menstrual irregularities.
Indications: prophylactic use in herditory angioedema, vascular manifestations of behcet’s syndrome.
Dosage:- Adults:- Herditory angioedema, 2mg 3times a day. Maintainance dose: 2mg/day or alternate days or 2-5mg 3 times weekly.
Children:- long term prophylactic therapy usually not recommended below 6years. 2-2.5mg daily,6-12 years 2-6mg daily
Preparetion:  Menabol 2mg/tab.
Nandrolone:- It is derived from and is closely related to the androgen testosterone having both androgenic as wellas anabolic properties.
Special precautions:- Hypertension,Migraine, diabetic, cardiac, hepatic, or renal dysfunction.
Indications:- Debilitating illness, post menopausal osteoporosis, convulsants after surgery, burn or major illness, post menopausal metastatic mammary, hypoplastic or malingnancy associated anaemies.
Dosage:- Adults: Nandrolone phenyl propionate 25-100mg, I.M. weekly maintainance.
Preparation:- Durabolin( Nandrolone phenyl propionate) 25mg per ml amp of 1ml.
Ethyl oestrenol:- It is a alpha alkylated compound with anabolic properties but little androgenic effect at doses normally used.
Special precaution:-young women, diabetic, premature epiphyseal closure,  untoward androgenic effects.
Indications:- chronic debilitating diseases specially in elder patients where casual and dietary measures are proving inadequate to correct defective protein metabolism, boys with short stature or delayed bone growth
Dosage:- Adult: 2-4mg daily, Children:- Body weight less than 10 kg, 10-20kg, 0.5mg, 20-30 kg. 1mg ,above 30kg 0.75mg all daily.

Pune

While searching the history of Pune, it is observed that it has a hundreds of years of educational, cultural & religious and political tradition. It is a subject matter of study of history of Pune, regarding changes occurred in boundaries of city of Pune from period of common wealth family to Peshwa regime, and from period of Independence to 1961 and after flooding of Pune city due to Panseth dam. Today population of Pune city is 30lac and area is 243 square meter and is growing so fast that it is very difficult to forecast, where this Pune city will stand in comparison with world’s international cities. That is why it has become very difficult for the mathematical expert taking in to consideration, progress which is being made by city of Pune.  Pune city has a history of 1200 to 1300 years and if we take flash back of history, we finds numbers of humorous materials.
In flash back if we do not focus on history or without going in to details on history or festivals or places but if we look in to, what was main lateral support, how was urban & rural life of people and their customs, we will observed and feel the pune’s charm extremely interesting.
Pune was a small hamlet on east side, there were kumbharly and Kasarli villages and on west and north side there were farm fields. Villages were under jurisdiction of Governor of junnar. Now imagine how might be natural charm, peaceful and isolated place of Pune where at present now we stay and carry on, manages our business. Place of Pune might have been similar to a place where a painter goes to a place  for land scape painting. Pune might have been a similar to a place which is needed for flute player, poet writer or novel or story writer. Pune was a hamlet of 15 to 20 houses which was situated in some part of Kasabapeth. But in such small progeny, there were temples of Musali, Bahiroba, Puneshwar, and Narayanshwar. In one corner of hamlet, Mahsoba was installed.
In this way, it is observed that religious & spiritual tradition were routed, embedded from that period due to which there are 50 to 60 temples of various god & goddess, made of archives stones and wood which are seen today also. No body would have thought that such small hamlet would become the capital of Hindustan under rule of  Maratha.
With passing of time after 12th -13th century, peoples residing in kumbharly and Kasarly area were brought to gather and  uniting three villages to gather, they had slowly step by step acquired following forms, on riverside, fort of pandhari was built by some Arabian person and three villages named Kubhar, kedur, and maval came into existence and at a distance of 1mile there came in existence, canal flowing towards south and  Tambari Jogeshwari temple was installed in a place surrounded by bunch of trees.
after passing of time in Muslim regime, with the object of extending Kasaba colony, two other colonies was inhabited in south of kasaba colony,Astapura village in east and Murchudabad was inhabited in west.  with all these three colonies, this area came to be known as a Kasaba Pune, Place of Taluka. With passing of period, there were sharp increase in area of these colonies as well as their population and have acquired present popular name.
With passing of time, peoples residing in Kasaba pune, had to abandon their houses due to atrocities made in name of recovery of taxes by the ruler of that period. this resulted in desolated of Kasaba pune. Again after some period, it became inhabited with people resulting in creation of colonies. But again people had to face feminine which leads again to desolation. After that in 16th centuries in Adilshahi regime, we observe again  this Kasaba pune became desolated place. Depopulated picture of Kasaba pune stands before eyes.
Kasaba might have assumed dead state but some where some minute living state might have been remained there due to which, instead of getting destroyed completely, during the passage of time,  Pune Kasaba might have some bright future of becoming world famous and of international standard city due to occurrence of bright fine, bold improbable incidence during the passage of time. Shahaji Bhosale came in to such depopulated Pune.  In 1636, Shahaji raje build the palace at outshirt of Kasaba Pune in south and that palace was name as Lal Mahal. Bal Shivaji his mother Jijabai started residing in Lal Mahal. At the same Period Jijabai build the temple of shri.Ganapati that is the same Kasaba peth Devsthan. But original lalmahal palace is not in existence. Houses in Kasaba pune were made up of bricks pith and were having Veranda on front side. Farming was their main accomplishment for nourishing of belly. At the same time, money lenders’s buisness of money lending was growing fastly. During period, Shahistekhan had created shastapura colony, which is today’s Magalwarpeth.
Tax collection from the people which was done with oppression and people’s wealth were plundered with stringent action, during Shahistekhan regime came to an end, during the period of Shivaji, after expultion of Shahistekhan. After the end of mughal regime, Peshawa regime started. During the Peshwe regime, it is seen that civil life & civilization, vastly developed and expanded.
Historical monuments such as Shaniwar wada, Onkareshwar,  Amruteshwar, Parvati were created. After that period Sadashivpeth was inhabited. New name such as shaniwar peth, in place of murchudabad, mangalwar peth in place of shastapura, Somalwarpeth in place of Shahapura, were constituted. After 1761, Tulsibagh,Sukrawarpet, guruwar peth, Budhwar Peth in place of Arohiyabad,  Narayan Peth, Ganesh peth, Belbagh, Ghorpade peth, Gosavipura, Rasta Peth, Bhavani Peth, etc colonies came in to existence. In the beginning of 18th centuries, Vishram Bagh palace was build. In this way, this was important period for city development and civilian life.
British rule came into force after 1821 in Pune. Step by step, English school, Library  which is presently known as city library on laxmi road had been started. After that period, installation of David Sassoon Hospital, Deccan college & engineering college had been completed till the end of 18th century. In this way progress & development of city continued without any interruption. It is not necessary to take detail review of development of city. Development of Pune during the period before freedom and after freedom is very important period.
Pune city had experienced nos of casualties and disasters, similarly panset flood and inclusion of numbers of nearby villages extending boundaries of city, National sports competition, effects of all these events led  to the growth which we see today.
So there are numbers of monuments and places in Pune which reminds us historical, religious, and cultural nature of Pune.  These historical evidences are very invaluable great monuments of our city which we all should preserve them. Work of maintenance and preservation of this invaluable and important monuments are being carried out by government of Maharashtra,Pune municipal corporation and many persons and institution.
Because of their united efforts, it will become possible to preserve them.

Bombay stock Exchange

Short selling means to sell those shares of company which we don’t have it on paper on our account in morning or afternoon but we have to purchase those shares of the same company which we sold in the morning on th paper at any rate prevailing in the market before closing of market for the day. This thing can be done only on intra day trading transaction. Suppose i have sold 100 share of company ABC which i do not have on paper in the morning at the price of Rs. 100 and in the afternoon, I purchase 100 share of company at whatever available price of Rs. 95, 96,97, to complete the transactions, then I will be able to earn the profit of Rs.300 to 500 in a day. but suppose price of of share of company ABC, instead of decreasing, if it increases in same  manner  still I will have to purchase the share at that rate in afternoon to complete the transaction and i will have to bear the loss of 300 to 500. Suppose due to our unluck if rate increases to 108, 109 or 110, still we will have to purchase the share at that rate to complete transaction and bear the losses.

Varad Vinayak

Lake which is beautiful and fully delighted by nature, is situated in Mahad town. Varad Vinayak is situated on the bank of this lake. This Idol of Ganesha was found to shri.Dondu Paudkar in mud lake in 1690. Temple was renovated with the help of Ramji Mahadev Biwalkar who was governor of Kalyan in Peshawa regime in 1730. Long ago, temple of varad vinayak was of tiled roof. Idol is in sitting position, facing towards east, with trunk inclined towards left. Idol of Riddhi & Siddhi are on both sides of Ganesha.
Chatrapati Shahu maharaj and government of Peshawa had given grant to this temple. Temple remain open 24×7 days. Worship can be performed by devotees with their own hand at any time up to 12 A.M. King Bhim was ruling over the region Bhadrak. He did not bear the child, due to which he started repeating in muttering manner name of god and side by side counting silently beads of rosary of one word charm as told by Saint Vishwamitra. His religious mortification bears the fruit. He had a child. He named the child Rukmanand. Child had a handsome personality. One day he went to a forest for hunting. While moving in forest he reached the hermitage of Wachnavmi Saint. Mukunda, wife of wachnavmi saint had a love with him and wanted to to have a sex with him but he refused to do so. Hence she got annoyed and cursed him that he would suffer from leprosy. While moving with leprosy disease in the forest, Rukmanand met with Narad, saint of god. Narad told him that if he went to town of kadamb and a holy bath, he would get rid of this disease. When Indra learned this, he took the form of Rukmanand, and fulfilled the desire of Mukunda, wife of Wachnavmi saint. She gave birth to a child who later became saint Gudsamad. Because of such type of  illegal birth, he had to face disgrace from society. Due to which he became annoyed, and cursed his mother Mukunda that she would remain as thorny  tree on the earth. Babli tree which we see today, is previous saint wife Mukuda. Gudsamad also did sin by cursing his mother. To get rid of this sin, he performed hard pennace, devout austerity.  God Vinayak became pleased due to his pennace and asked the saint to demand boon.
Gudsamad saint requested god Vinayak to stay forever at this place for well being of human race. Ganesh Vinayak granted the boon as per his desire. This is same Varad Vinayak of Mahad town. Work of Gudsamad saint was very vast. previously there were only plus & minus calculations in mathematics.  Gudsamad saint had invented the calculation of multiplication & divisions in mathematics. This is not only the thing, but tecnology regarding agriculture such as sowing of cotton, its production and processing of making cloth from cotton, had been invented by him. Due to the effort of this great saint, appearence of god Ganesh on earth carries special importance amongst Astavinayak. There are various forms of Ganesh. In that discription of ganesh of Varad vinayak has been told as follows.  Idol of varad is at Mahad town. It fulfills the desire of all. became famous by gutsamad.

Ballarleshwar Pali Atavinayak

Fifth place amongst the Ashtavinayak Ganesha is Ballaleshwar Pali. There is a reference of this in ancient Ganesha History.  Pleased with worship of small boy name Ballal, Shri. Ganesha came to stay in that particular place. After that place became famous as a Ganesha Land.
Devotees who visits place on fourth day from new moon day in the month of Bhadrapadh, Ganesha gives blessings to them. Ganesha fulfills all desires of devotees. This is the Ballal vinayak. From ancient time, this place is regarded as attentive. In Peshawa regime, justice were given after rice, betel nuts, stuck upon Idol for its consultation. First place which we see after entering Village Pali is Ballaleshwar temple. There is a self existent idol of Ballaleshwar. After that there is a another big temple of Ballaleshwar. This temple is very charming, delighted. Temple is made of rocks & stone. Walls had been made very strong adding lead in it. Before the temple, there is a audience hall. Two small lakes and mountainous ranges are in front of the temple. Back side of temple had a temple of Dhundi Vinayak, in which there is a self existence Idol of Dhundi Vinayak. There is a custom of performing work ship and rendering water worship of Dhundi Vinayak first, after that worship of Ballaleshwar is performed.
There is a idol of 3feet in height in core part of the temple. Trunk of Idol is inclined towards left. Idol of rat is standing, seeing towards lord Ganesha with Modak( kind of sweet in hand)
Five days festival is celebrated in the month of Magh & Bhadrapadh. Majestic March is taken out with Ganesha Idol in Palanquin on the day of Dasara. There is a crowd of devotees specially in the midnight of fourth day as there is a belief that Shri. Ganesha comes for meal on that day.
Majestic march in Palanquin of Ganesha is taken out on every fourth day from new moon day and full moon day in every month. Audience hall and temple has a bold appearance. There is an arrangement of lodging & boarding in the town  which is big one. Shrimant Morobadad fadnavis had made an arrangement for maintenance of temple.

Astavinayak

Siddhivinayak, Siddhatek  is a famous place amongst the Ashtavinayak. Madhu &  Kaitabh two demons, had started  harassing Brahma deity. At that time Brahma god went to Vishnu god for destruction of demons. Vishnu god after fighting with demons could not conquer them or destroy them. There after Vishnu god went to shank deity and ask for for his help. Vishnu instantly told the story of two demons. Hearing the story, Shanker deity told to Vishnu god, that you would have won the battle long before if you would have pleased the Vinayak saying this , shanker god gave a charm (charming Mantra) to please the Vinayak. Vishnu god went in search of holy place to a hill for performation the charm. At this place, Vishnu god had pleased the Vinayak with this charm. Vishnu had erected the temple of Vinayak at this place after obtaining desired boon from Vinayak. In the temple he installed the Idol of Vinayak.
As Vishnu got the boon in this place, this place is came to known  as Sidhyatek and Vinayak has got the name of as Siddhivinayak.  This place has become holy due to residence of Vinayak  and devout austerity of god Vishnu.
As trunk of Ganesha Idol is inclined toward right, god is presumed to be fierce disposition. Saint Vyas’s place is very near to the temple. Haripant Fadke( commandant in army of Peshwa, after losing his commandant’s post from Peshawa, did religious service of God at this place. He build the palace near temple. Siddatake is situated on the bank of river Bhima. Near the temple, there is a landing place with stairs near the river build by Harripant Fadke. There is a road made of stone,  from village boundary to the temple.Throne of God is made up of stone. Middle core of temple is build by Ahilyabai Holkar. There is a audience hall outside of temple.. At the front side, there is a great entrance door. There is a place for keeping drums over the main entrance. Siddhivinayak Idol is self existence. worship of god is allotted to a priest family. There is an arrangement for stay in building erected for accommodation of Travellers.

Chintamani Ganesha Theur

On pune sholapur National highway, three kilometer beyond Loni Village on left side, there is a Theur road. Although main door of Theur temple is facing towards north, but Idol of Ganesh is facing towards east. Ridhi’s siddhi’s idol is behind two sides of Mangal Murti Idol which is on front side. Idol is self existence. Shri Chitamani is fifth Ganesh in order of Ashtavinayak. Shri. Dharnidhar saint had created this temple from forged Hemad panti stone in 1740 A.C. Morya Gosavi got Abyssinian at this place. Hence this place has got special importance.
Chitamani was born in third stage of Dwapar period for destruction of Demons name Dhoomra Ketu, Dhoomra rasha, and Dhoorma Warna. Three were creating nuisance on the earth. Ganapati was born for destroying them. Destruction of demons leaded  in ending of worries of people.  Because of that, Shri Ganesha acquired name of Chitamani. Devotees visits  the idol at Theur on fourth day after full moon day and new moon day in every month in large numbers.
In the month of Bhadrapath from first moon day to fourth moon day , Dwar ceremony is celebrated. During this period Goddess Devi residing in four direction is work shipped and stanza composed by Morya Gosavi is sung with naked foot by going around and worshiping, remembering, rendering adoration.
In evening there is worship with chanting of piece of poetry along with waving of lamp around Idol of Ganesha. On last day there is a Solomon worship on the occasion. Peshawa had a great faith on Chintamani Ganesha. Noting of devotedness of Peshawa to Ganesha, their generosity and glory of Marathi kingdom is found in official copy book.  Noting of offerings of some eatable to Ganesha, Saffron for worship, musk, beetle leaves, Clothe for Ganesha and at which time, Peshawa used to visit temple. Similarly the money/auspicious metals, ornaments offered by Peshawa to Shri Ganesha, has  also found in official record. Silver crown for Shri.Ganesha was prepared during the regime of Nanasaheb Peshwa. Cost of that crown was Rs. 407. Madhavrao Peshwe was secure devotee of Shri.Ganesha. Noting during this period are astonishing. Diamond costing Rs. 2 lac which was acquired in tribute received from Udaypur, was offered to Chintamani Ganesha. A Aigrette of gold, pearl loft, emerald medal, 69 diamonds and small diamonds bits, 25 Ruby are embedded in Aigrette of gold. After the death of Madhavrao Peshawe, Nanasaheb Peshawa had also embedded diamonds costing Rs. 10176 in golden Aigrette. fountain without electricity had been erected in Theur, reference to that effect is found in copy book.

Medicinal plants

Durva:- This is a grass which spread on soil. It is said that person who cuts the grass is benefited more than one who offers durva in worship. Durva is an important medicine. it is very cool. There is a reference regarding durva amongst the plants which should go near by around for conceiving and protection of embryo after conceiving. Durvas are blood purifier. They keeps invisible microbes away. when nose bleeds due to heat at that time, Durva juice is useful for administation in nose. It removes acidity when juice of durva is taken along with pebbles sugar. It cures many skin disorders, Psoriasis. Durva juice is useful to remove the troubles of eyes due to continuous sitting before computer. Power of eyes increases if one walks over the lawn of Durvas with naked legs. it removes stress on eyes.
Maka: it is a small herb which grows around water during rainy season. Maka is famous for hair. Maka prevents the rotten process. It is good for preventing rotten process. It is presumed to be good medicine for eye diseases. Jaundice , odema, obesity are cured if ash ( White metabolic oxide ) or powder of maka leaves are taken along with honey & ghee before going to bed. Edema, swelling subsides slowly if juice of Maka is rubbed on the swelling part. Size of tumor of fat slowly gets reduced if juice of Maka is regularly rub on tumor portion.
Aghada:- This grows in rainy season. There is tendency of accumulation of cough in chest and suffering from Asthma during rainy season. So this Aghada concentrated extract is a best medicine over that. Aghada extract helps in promotion of urine nicely. If thorn pricks and remains in tissue, then there is a method of binding of powdered leaves of Aghada on that pricked place so that it relieves pain and thron also comes out.
Dorli:- Dorli having leaves similar to that of Brinjal leaves, grows any where along the side of road. Extract of roots of Dorli is useful for treatment of cough & Asthma.
Rai:- Leaves of Rui are famous as they are offered to lord Hanuman. There are two types of herbs of Rui, one having blue & brown dark purple color flower and other white flower. Castor oil is applied to the leaves of rui and then it is warm up. These warm up leaves gives relief from stomachache, due to gases, if stomach is warmed up with these leaves. One feel better due to release of gases. It is also beneficial to warm up the chest in this way with Rai leaves during accumulation of cough in the chest. One feels better if warm up method with Rai leaves is adapted during rheumatic pain. Flower of rui is best for Asthma.
Tulasi:- Every body knows about tulas. It is necessary to have tulasi herb in each house for purification of air. and to avoid bacterial infections. This is an Indian tradition. Leaves of Tulsa are cough sedatives and antirheumatic. It is always better to take juice of Tulasi along with honey when there is a fever due to cold and cough. Digestion improves if tea is taken/ consumed with Tulasi leaves during rainy season. It also helps to prevent infection. Skin diseases like Psoriasis, ring worm which gives rise to inching, are cured or gets relief when Tulsa juice is applied extremely to the infected part. Tulsa kills the germs.
Marva:- Marva which grows up to 1 to 1& 1/2 inch in height, gives very fragrance sweet smell. Marwa juice is applied on skin diseases. If Marwa powder is added to the shrub containing composition of fragrance, then scrub or lotion becomes more fragrance, in addition to that skin becomes healthy, more shining.
Jai:- Jai is a climbing  plant. it bears white fragrance flowers. It cures mouth pustule, when mouth is gargle with extract of leaves of Jai. Jai leaves are very useful for healing of  wound. Old wounds can be healed if leaves of Jai are crushed and then applied to the wound.
Malti:- Leaves of Malti have fragrance smell. They are useful for curing of skin diseases.
Dhotra:- Wild Dhotra grows any where along the side of road. There are two kinds of Dhotra. Black Dhotra & white Dhotra. Seeds of Dhotra are used in many medicinal preparation. But for that seeds are required to be purified. Smoke of leaves of DHotra if inhaled cures or reduce cough in the chest, reduce Asthmatic attack. Poultice of leaves of Dhotra is useful for rheumatic pain. Dhotra for longer period should be used under supervision of a doctor as it is poisonous one.
Vishnu Kranta:- This is a climbing plant which spread on the ground and bears blackish & purple colored flowers. Extract of root of Vishnu Kranta with the ghee is given to the piles Patient. Poultice of leaves of Visnu Kranta is applied on bleeding piles.
Kewada:- Kewada woods grows along the sea shore. It also grows in other places also. Flowers of Kewada bears fragrance smell. Roots of Kewada after levigation, mixed with stone sugar and given to the woman suffering from excess bleeding during monthly period.
Kanher:- There are various types of Kanher acquiring the names  from bearing flowers of various colours such as white, pink, red. Kanher bearing white flowers is used in many medicinal preparations. Roots of white Kanher after levigation if applied, cures the snake & scorpion bites. Reference is also found regarding curing of various types of fever, when the roots of white Kanher is tied on the ears.
Bor:- There are various types of bor. But small red colored bors are very useful as a medicine. Leaves of Bor are heat reliever. They are also useful for relief from rheumatic diseases. Extract of Bor fruits relieves the burning heat due to fever and also brings down the temperature. Pulp of roots of Bor obtained from levigation, if applied to the eyes as a Colloquium, gives relief from watering of eyes and shooting pain from eye.
Dalimb:- Fruit of Dalimb is famous. fruit, cover of fruit, leaves, and flowers of Dalimb are used in medicinal preparations. Dalimb nuts gives relief from bilious burning. They are also semen enhancer, and content giver. Skin of fruit is useful for diarrhoea, & dysentery. Skin of fruit, if kept in mouth, gives relief from dry coughing. Drop of juice of flower of Dalimb, gives relief from bleeding from nose if added inside the Nostril. Juice of sweet Dalimb if taken along with stone sugar, gives relief from bilious burning. Poultice prepared from powder leaves of Dalimb if applied to the eyes patient, suffering from conjunctivitis gives relief to the patient.  Dadimalev prepared from juice of nuts of fruits of Dalimb is a bilious reliever.
Shami;- it is a thorny plant which is found in region where there is a less rain fall. There is a tradition of worshiping shami plant on Dasara  day. If there is a excretion of white sediment in urine, then delicate crest of shami crushed in cow milk with cummin seed, is administered to prevent the excretion. There is a tradition of giving juice of shammi leaves along with cumin seeds and sugar stone to reduce the body heat.
Bel:- it is a big tree. It bears the fruit like wood apple. Fruits, leaves , and roots has a medicinal value. Half ripe fruit helps to prevent loose motion. and fully ripe fruit of Bel helps in clearing of bowel. Jelly of fruit help to relieve the griping pain, reduce the frequency of evacuation feces. Bel fruit improves the function of liver. Juice of Bel leaves is used as a germicidal. Leaves of Bel, if applied to the body, it removes bad odour of the body. Juice of Bel leaves increases the stamina and expel the excess heat from the body.
Hadga:- Tree of Hadga grows fast but it lasts only for 7 to 8 years. Leaves of Hadga  tree is used for preparing the vegetable. If there is a headache due to cold, then 2 drops of juice of Hadga is added in the nose to relieve the headache.
Juice of Hadga leaves is used to purify the silver before making the powder of silver. Reference is also there regarding removal of demoniac possession due to to presence of Hadga tree.
Arjun:- Arjun tree is very big. It is a supreme medicine on heart disease. Bark of Arjun tree is useful for setting of bones. Powder of Arjun bark on portion of disturbed bone joint, leads to perfect bone setting. wound heals early if it is clean with bark of Arjun tree. Extract of Arjun is useful for reducing the excess fat from the body.
Devdar:- Tree of devdar grows very tall. Devdar is good for reducing the rheumatism.  Devdar powder of leaves if given along with honey is useful for relieving the joint pain, heaviness, body-ache, etc.
Devdar poultice is used for applying on joints. Decoction of devdar is useful for curing the diseases of puerperal women and used as a precautionary measure to prevent puerperal woman from diseases.
Pipal:- Tree of Pipal is very big. It is presumed that it purifies air. It improves articulation of small kids if ripe fruit of pipal is given to kid for eating. It is presumed that it improves heavy tongue  and improves understanding power of kids who are unable to understand ( if kids are given hot rice on leaf of pipal during meal) If hot rice meal is served to the kids on the leaf of pipal tree. Powder of pipal leaves is used in many medicinal preparations.
Ashok:- It is a very important for woman balance behavior. Leaves and bark of Ashok tree helps to keep the womb of women healthy. It is presumed that flowers of Ashok tree  can remove the sorrowful state of women mind.
Brahmi:- it is good for brain. It is used for sound sleep and relieve the stress of mind.
Jaswand:- Flowers of jaswand are good for hairs. Hairs grows and becomes dark if crushed flowers or decoction or extract of jaswand flowers are applied to the hairs( White metallic oxide or ash of leaves is used in preparation of medicine for creating a confidence) . After purification of Mica, leaves of Aaghadhi juice of brown color flower of jaswand or leaves of Castor are used for creating a confidence in patient during preparation of ash or white metallic oxide of mica. While purification of copper, copper is to be melted with the help of fire and then it is immersed in juice of leaves of rai. Leaves of mendi are used for colouring of hands & hairs. But if crushed leaves of mendi are applied to the hair, it gives mental peace, and gives relief from headache  due to biliousness. In this way information regarding leaves which are used for offerings during worship or leaves which have been told in Ayurveda if properly known, and if use properly then it may leads to increase in  confidence in one’s health.

There is one more attentive sacred deity place amongst Astavinayak tour that is MahaGanapati of Rajangaon. It is situated by the side of Pune Nagar High way in Sirur taluka of Pune district. It is self existent Idol. There is a belief of devotees that this Ganapati meets  and grants the object of vow.
Temple is facing towards east & it is simple one. In last few years near by area of temple or surrounding of temple has been decorated . Audience hall of temple was build by chieftain  Kibe and core part of temple was built by Madhavrao Peshwe .  Proceeding of sun towards north & south was nicely oriented during construction of temple so that during period of  sun moving towards south & north , rays of sun comes with golden blinking cover to worship the god.
There is a beautifully designed sitting Idol of Ganesh with trunk turned towards left in main core part of the temple. Fore head of Idol is broad. Idol of Ridhi & Sidhi are situated on both sides of Ganesh Idol. There is underground floor. It is told that this idol is original one which has ten trunks & twenty hands. Tripurasur demon praised the Ganapati who in turn became pleased with him and gave boon to him that nobody would able to kill him except lord Mahesh/Shanker. Due to this, Tripurasur became arrogant and intoxicated. He defeated all the gods who in turn took shelter in Himalayan forest. Then Tripursasur turned  his devil desire towards lord shanker, and demanded  kailash mountain from him. Tripursur  occupied the place of Indra. He had malignant regard for shri. Shankar. Two military chief of Tripurasur, named Vajradanta and Bhimkaya, started giving trouble to the people on earth. After that there was a fierce fighting between Shankar & Tripurasur. Lord shankar killed Tripurasur with one missile/arrow.
This events occured on full moon day in the month of Kartik, due to which day is known as Tripura full moon day( purnima). Place where lord shanker remembered Gajanan was Manipur village. Today that village is known as Rajangaon. Here at Rajangaon Ganesh festival is celebrated on fourth day from new moon day in month of Bhadrapadh. Devotees who comes during festival period can  take the glimpse of Idol by going near it in main core of temple.